MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ALKALINE PROTEASE
Proteases (E.C.3.4), also known as proteolytic enzymes are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of protein by hydrolyzing peptide bonds existing between two amino acids of a polypeptide chain. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus licheniformis were isolated from local sources, they were further characterized and identified using analytical profile index (API) kit. Casein agar was used for screening to ascertain the identified isolates having the ability to produce alkaline protease in different batches. Rice bran was used as substrate for the production of protease enzyme at pH 6.8. Further analysis such as: pH, temperature, turbidometry, and microbial growth rate were carried out on the culture medium for a period of 0 - 72hours. The results obtained on average for pH was 6.81, temperature 27.3oC, turbidometry 0.006nm and microbial growth was highest after 72 hours giving 52cfu/g. Ammonium sulphate was used for precipitation and 60% of protease purification was achieved. Protease assay was carried out for each production batch. The results obtained for activity, specific activity and protein concentration are as follow: B. subtilis gave (52.767U, 57.259U/mg/ml and 1.6738mg/ml): B.polymyxa gave (57.259U, 1.6524U/mg/ml and 31.029 mg/ml) and B. licheniformis gave values of (24.122U, 14.54U/mg/ml and 1.659mg/ml). Kinetic characterization was done to ascertain their catalytic potentials. Bacillus licheniformis recorded a high initial velocity of 1.87μm/min. This gives a clear indication that although enzyme produced by Bacillus licheniformis recorded a low specific activity compared to the enzyme produced by Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus subtilis. It has a better catalytic potential than the other Bacillus species.